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TRAMS / TRAM-TRAINS / LRV

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OVERALL SYSTEM 
REQUIREMENTS

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  • Product specifications from transportation company regarding vehicle functionality and design

  • Specification of vehicle functions defined in product specification as a basis for factory acceptance

  • Requirements on tram-trains from the Directive (EU) 2016/797 for interoperability of the rail system within EU

  • Requirements from the laid down of relevant standards related to technical areas of the vehicle

  • Requirements for construction supervision and building inspection

  • For tram-trains: capturing the requirements for trams moving in inside the cities and outside on the rail mainlines, identification of conflicting requirements

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LAID DOWN OF THE RELEVANT
NORMS AND REGULATIONS

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  • Trams Regulation for Construction & Operation – BOStrab (German)

  • Railway Construction and Operation Ordinance – EBO (German)

  • Publications from Association of German Transport Companies VDV (German)

  • Standards for functional safety and requirements for urban rail vehicles

  • Checklist for Vehicle Commissioning from the Technical Supervisory Authority

  • Application by the transportation company to the Technical Supervisory Authority for the vehicle to be put into service

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TECHNICAL AREAS 
OF TRAM VEHICLES

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  • Overall subsystems and components, running gear, car body, coupling, bogie, wheel-set / wheel-set bearings

  • Braking system, equipment requiring monitoring, pantograph, windows / visibility conditions

  • Access subsystems, gangways, power supply and EMC, functional safety evidence, noise emissions

  • Lighting / light signals, fire protection / evacuation, occupational safety, vehicle envelope

  • Other safety equipment, driver vigilance system, labelling, passenger area equipment, persons with reduced mobility

  • When assessing the technical areas, we can act as a “qualified person or organization” according to Section 5 (2) and (3) “Technical Inspection” of the BOStrab

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DUAL REQUIREMENTS FOR
TRAM-TRAIN VEHICLES (GERMANY)

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TRAM-TRAIN VEHICLES must simultaneously meet the requirements for both tram vehicles and conventional rail vehicles, for example with regard to:​

  • Acoustical vehicle signals

  • Coupling and buffing devices

  • EMC regulations

  • Kinematic gauges

  • On-board signalling systems

  • Platform heights

  • Power supply systems

  • Visual vehicle signals

In Germany, the approval procedures are handled by two different authorities – one for road transportation and one for railways

UNDERGROUND / TURNKEY RAIL SYSTEMS 

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SPECIAL FEATURES
OF METROS / UNDERGROUNDS

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  • Maximum speed in urban public transport

  • High service frequency, particularly during rush hours

  • Stricter safety requirements than for trams

  • Synchronisation with the opening and closing of platform doors

  • Special fire safety measures in tunnels and at emergency exits

  • Standard IEC EN 62290 – Railway applications – Urban guided transport management and command/control systems – Parts 1 - 3

  • Standard IEC 62267 – Railway applications - Automated urban guided transport (AUGT) - Safety requirements

  • Standard IEEE 1474.1 – Standard for Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC) – Performance and Functional Requirements

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AUTOMATED
UNDERGROUNDS AND METROS​

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  • GoA – Grades of Automation:
    - GoA 1 / Automatic Train Protection (ATP)
    - GoA 2 / Semi-Automatic Train Operation (STO)
    - GoA 3 / Driverless Train Operation (DTO)
    - GoA 4 / Unattended Train Operation (UTO)

  • Automated metro systems in European countries:
    DE, DK, FR, GR, HU, IT, SP, UK

  • Automated metro systems in Asian countries:​
    CN, IN, JP, KR, MY, SG, TH

  • High-reliable train tracking, obstacle detection

  • Implementation of emergency management strategies: passenger safety, evacuation, self-rescue

  • Presicely train stopping due to the synchronized opening and closing of the platform slide doors and vehicle's external doors

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METROS / UNDERGROUNDS 
AS CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE​​​

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  • High-available rail interlocking and train control systems

  • Power supply (signal boxes, conductor rails, substations, tunnel lighting), including backup power supply

  • IT systems at operational control centres

  • Fitting of tunnels and stations with ventilation, fire alarm and emergency lighting systems

  • Passenger information systems

  • Tamper ans misuse protection

  • Access control for technical rooms

  • Video security systems

  • Secure remote accesses

  • Communication systems (train radio, emergency calls, alarm of authorities and organisations with security responsibilities

  • Design as shelters and evacuation areas

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TURNKEY
RAILWAY SYSTEMS

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Turnkey Railway Systems mean the delivery of a complete, fully operational rail system right up to the handover for commercial operation, including:​

  • Planning

  • Engineering

  • Infrastructure (tracks, stations, tunnels, depots)

  • Power supply for stations, tunnels and rolling stock

  • Operational and service-ready rolling stock

  • Control and signalling systems

  • IT and communications systems

  • Completed integration, testing

  • Depots and workshops

  • Training of operational staff - OCC, train drivers, train attendants, station supervisors

  • Training of maintenance staff

  • Finalised authorisation approval processes

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